風(fēng)車(chē)

　　風(fēng)車(chē)的主要內(nèi)容

　　山上有一個(gè)風(fēng)車(chē)，它來(lái)自荷蘭，它的樣子很驕傲，它自己也真的感到很驕傲�？雌饋�(lái)倒是蠻了不起，但是也沒(méi)有什么了不起，后來(lái)這個(gè)這個(gè)磨坊著了火。火焰升得很高。再后來(lái)又有了一個(gè)新的漂亮的磨坊。

　　風(fēng)車(chē)的故事

　　山上有一個(gè)風(fēng)車(chē)。它的樣子很驕傲，它自己也真的感到很驕傲。

　　“我一點(diǎn)也不驕傲!”它說(shuō)，“不過(guò)我的里里外外都很明亮。太陽(yáng)和月亮照在我的外面，也照著我的里面，我還有混合蠟燭(注：原文是stearinlys，即用獸油和蠟油混合做成的蠟燭。)鯨油燭和牛油燭。我敢說(shuō)我是明亮(注：明亮(oplyst)在丹麥文里同時(shí)又有“開(kāi)明”，“聰明”，“受過(guò)教育”等意思，因此這兒有雙關(guān)的意義。)的。我是一個(gè)有思想的人;我的構(gòu)造很好，一看就叫人感到愉快。我的懷里有一塊很好的磨石;我有四個(gè)翅膀——它們生在我的頭上，恰恰在我的帽子底下。雀子只有兩個(gè)翅膀，而且只生在背上。“我生出來(lái)就是一個(gè)荷蘭人(注：因?yàn)楹商m的風(fēng)車(chē)最多。);這點(diǎn)可以從我的形狀看得出來(lái)——‘一個(gè)飛行的荷蘭人’我知道，大家把這種人叫做‘超自然’(注：這是原文Overnaturlige這個(gè)字的直譯，它可以轉(zhuǎn)化成為“神奇”，“鬼怪”的意思。)的東西，但是我卻很自然。我的肚皮上圍著一圈走廊，下面有一個(gè)住室——我的‘思想’就藏在這里面。別的‘思想’把我一個(gè)最強(qiáng)大的主導(dǎo)‘思想’叫做‘磨坊人’。他知道他的要求是什么，他管理面粉和麩子。他也有一個(gè)伴侶：名叫‘?huà)寢尅�。她是我真正的心。她并不傻里傻氣地亂跑。她知道自己要求什么，知道自己能做些什么。她像微風(fēng)一樣溫和，像暴風(fēng)雨一樣強(qiáng)烈。她知道怎樣應(yīng)付事情，而且她總會(huì)達(dá)到自己的目的。她是我的溫柔的一面，而‘爸爸’卻是我的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的一面。他們是兩個(gè)人，但也可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)人。他們彼此稱(chēng)為‘我的老伴’。

　　“這兩個(gè)人還有小孩子——‘小思想’。這些‘小思想’也能長(zhǎng)大成人。這些小家伙老是鬧個(gè)不休!最近我曾經(jīng)嚴(yán)肅地叫‘爸爸’和孩子們把我懷里的磨石和輪子檢查一下。我希望知道這兩件東西到底出了什么毛病，因?yàn)槲业膬?nèi)部現(xiàn)在是有毛病了。一個(gè)人也應(yīng)該把自己檢查一下。這些小家伙又在鬧出一陣可怕的聲音來(lái)。對(duì)我這樣一個(gè)高高立在山上的人說(shuō)來(lái)，這的確是太不像樣子了，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該記住，自己是站在光天化日之下，而在光天化日之下，一個(gè)人的毛病是一下子就可以看出來(lái)的。

　　“我剛才說(shuō)過(guò)，這些小家伙鬧出可怕的聲音來(lái)。最小的那幾個(gè)鉆到我的帽子里亂叫，弄得我怪不舒服的。小‘思想’可以長(zhǎng)大起來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)我知道得清清楚楚。外面也有別的‘思想’來(lái)訪(fǎng)，不過(guò)他們不是屬于我這個(gè)家族，因?yàn)閾?jù)我看來(lái)，他們跟我沒(méi)有共同之點(diǎn)。那么沒(méi)有翅膀的屋子——你聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)他們磨石的聲音——也有些‘思想’。他們來(lái)看我的‘思想’并且跟我的‘思想’鬧起所謂戀愛(ài)來(lái)。這真是奇怪;的確，怪事也真多。

　　“我的身上——或者身子里——最近起了某種變化：磨石的活動(dòng)有些異樣。我似乎覺(jué)得‘爸爸’換了一個(gè)‘老伴’：他似乎得到了一個(gè)脾氣更溫和、更熱情的配偶——非常年輕和溫柔。但人還是原來(lái)的人，只不過(guò)時(shí)間使她變得更可愛(ài)，更溫柔罷了。不愉快的事情現(xiàn)在都沒(méi)有了，一切都非常愉快。

　　“日子過(guò)去了，新的日子又到來(lái)了。時(shí)間一天一天地接近光明和快樂(lè)，直到最后我的一切完了為止——但不是絕對(duì)地完了。我將被拆掉，好使我又能夠變成一個(gè)新的、更好的磨坊。我將不再存在，但是我將繼續(xù)活下去!我將變成另一個(gè)東西，但同時(shí)又沒(méi)有變!這一點(diǎn)我卻難得理解，不管我是被太陽(yáng)、月亮、混合燭、獸燭和蠟燭照得怎樣‘明亮’。我的舊木料和磚土將會(huì)又從地上立起來(lái)。

　　“我希望我仍能保持住我的老‘思想’們：磨坊里的爸爸、媽媽、大孩和小孩——整個(gè)的家庭。我把他們大大小小都叫做‘思想的家屬’，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有他們是不成的。但是我也要保留住我自己——保留住我胸腔里的磨石，我頭上的翅膀，我肚皮上的走廊，否則我就不會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我自己，別人也不會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我，同時(shí)會(huì)說(shuō)：‘山上有一個(gè)磨坊，看起來(lái)倒是蠻了不起，但是也沒(méi)有什么了不起。’”

　　這是磨坊說(shuō)的話(huà)。事實(shí)上，它說(shuō)的比這還多，不過(guò)這是最重要的一部分罷了。

　　日子來(lái)，日子去，而昨天是最后的一天。

　　這個(gè)磨坊著了火。火焰升得很高。它向外面燎，也向里面燎。它舔著大梁和木板。結(jié)果這些東西就全被吃光了。磨坊倒下來(lái)了，它只剩下一堆火灰。燃過(guò)的地方還在冒著煙，但是風(fēng)把它吹走了。

　　磨坊里曾經(jīng)活著過(guò)的東西，現(xiàn)在仍然活著，并沒(méi)有因?yàn)檫@件意外而被毀掉。事實(shí)上它還因?yàn)檫@個(gè)意外事件而得到許多好處。磨坊主的一家——一個(gè)靈魂，許多“思想”，但仍然只是一個(gè)思想——又新建了一個(gè)新的、漂亮的磨坊。這個(gè)新的跟那個(gè)舊的沒(méi)有任何區(qū)別，同樣有用。人們說(shuō)：“山上有一個(gè)磨坊，看起來(lái)很像個(gè)樣兒!”不過(guò)這個(gè)磨坊的設(shè)備更好，比前一個(gè)更近代化，因?yàn)槭虑榭倸w是進(jìn)步的。那些舊的木料都被蟲(chóng)蛀了，潮濕了�，F(xiàn)在它們變成了塵土。它起初想象的完全相反，磨坊的軀體并沒(méi)有重新站起來(lái)。這是因?yàn)樗�太相信字面上的意義了，而人們是不應(yīng)該從字面上看一切事情的意義的。

　　風(fēng)車(chē)英文原文： Windmill

　　WINDMILL stood upon the hill， proud to look at， and it was proud too.

　　“I am not proud at all，” it said， “but I am very much enlightened without and within. I have sun and moon for my outward use， and for inward use too; and into the bargain I have stearine candles， train oil and lamps， and tallow candles. I may well say that I’m enlightened. I’m a thinking being， and so well constructed that it’s quite delightful. I have a good windpipe in my chest， and I have four wings that are placed outside my head， just beneath my hat. The birds have only two wings， and are obliged to carry them on their backs. I am a Dutchman by birth， that may be seen by my figure—a flying Dutchman. They are considered supernatural beings， I know， and yet I am quite natural. I have a gallery round my chest， and house-room beneath it; that’s where my thoughts dwell. My strongest thought， who rules and reigns， is called by others ‘The Man in the Mill.’ He knows what he wants， and is lord over the meal and the bran; but he has his companion， too， and she calls herself ‘Mother.’ She is the very heart of me. She does not run about stupidly and awkwardly， for she knows what she wants， she knows what she can do， she’s as soft as a zephyr and as strong as a storm; she knows how to begin a thing carefully， and to have her own way. She is my soft temper， and the father is my hard one. They are two， and yet one; they each call the other ‘My half.’ These two have some little boys， young thoughts， that can grow. The little ones keep everything in order. When， lately， in my wisdom， I let the father and the boys examine my throat and the hole in my chest， to see what was going on there，—for something in me was out of order， and it’s well to examine one’s self，—the little ones made a tremendous noise. The youngest jumped up into my hat， and shouted so there that it tickled me. The little thoughts may grow—I know that very well; and out in the world thoughts come too， and not only of my kind， for as far as I can see， I cannot discern anything like myself; but the wingless houses， whose throats make no noise， have thoughts too， and these come to my thoughts， and make love to them， as it is called. It’s wonderful enough—yes， there are many wonderful things. Something has come over me， or into me，—something has changed in the mill-work. It seems as if the one half， the father， had altered， and had received a better temper and a more affectionate helpmate—so young and good， and yet the same， only more gentle and good through the course of time. What was bitter has passed away， and the whole is much more comfortable.

　　“The days go on， and the days come nearer and nearer to clearness and to joy; and then a day will come when it will be over with me; but not over altogether. I must be pulled down that I may be built up again; I shall cease， but yet shall live on. To become quite a different being， and yet remain the same! That’s difficult for me to understand， however enlightened I may be with sun， moon， stearine， train oil， and tallow. My old wood-work and my old brick-work will rise again from the dust!

　　“I will hope that I may keep my old thoughts， the father in the mill， and the mother， great ones and little ones—the family; for I call them all， great and little， the company of thoughts， because I must， and cannot refrain from it.

　　“And I must also remain ‘myself，’ with my throat in my chest， my wings on my head， the gallery round my body; else I should not know myself， nor could the others know me， and say， ‘There’s the mill on the hill， proud to look at， and yet not proud at all.’”

　　That is what the mill said. Indeed， it said much more， but that is the most important part.

　　And the days came， and the days went， and yesterday was the last day.

　　Then the mill caught fire. The flames rose up high， and beat out and in， and bit at the beams and planks， and ate them up. The mill fell， and nothing remained of it but a heap of ashes. The smoke drove across the scene of the conflagration， and the wind carried it away.

　　Whatever had been alive in the mill remained， and what had been gained by it has nothing to do with this story.

　　The miller’s family—one soul， many thoughts， and yet only one—built a new， a splendid mill， which answered its purpose. It was quite like the old one， and people said， “Why， yonder is the mill on the hill， proud to look at!” But this mill was better arranged， more according to the time than the last， so that progress might be made. The old beams had become worm-eaten and spongy—they lay in dust and ashes. The body of the mill did not rise out of the dust as they had believed it would do. They had taken it literally， and all things are not to be taken literally.

　　風(fēng)車(chē)的讀后感

　　磨坊里曾經(jīng)活著過(guò)的東西，現(xiàn)在仍然活著，并沒(méi)有因?yàn)檫@件意外而被毀掉。事實(shí)上它還因?yàn)檫@個(gè)意外事件而得到許多好處。有些事情過(guò)去了就是過(guò)去了，當(dāng)初的信誓旦旦，只不過(guò)抓住了自己某個(gè)深信不疑的支點(diǎn)。只要這個(gè)支點(diǎn)垮了，它承載的一切看似雄偉的構(gòu)想，都會(huì)立即沒(méi)了蹤跡。

　　風(fēng)車(chē)的作者

　　安徒生(1805-1875)丹麥作家。1805年，安徒生誕生在丹麥奧登塞鎮(zhèn)的一座破舊閣樓上。他的父親用棺材為他做了一個(gè)搖籃，他的父親是個(gè)鞋匠，很早就去世了，全家靠母親給人洗衣服維持生活。安徒生雖然過(guò)著十分貧窮的生活，但他卻有自己遠(yuǎn)大的理想。他很小就一人到首都去了，同村的一個(gè)巫婆預(yù)言他能成為一個(gè)著名的人物。開(kāi)始，他決心當(dāng)一名演員，起初，他想學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈和演戲，卻遭到了拒絕，后來(lái)被一位音樂(lè)學(xué)校的教授收留，學(xué)習(xí)唱歌。因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有錢(qián)只好離開(kāi)了音樂(lè)學(xué)校。經(jīng)過(guò)十幾年的奮斗，終于踏進(jìn)了文壇。從三十歲開(kāi)始，專(zhuān)心從事兒童文學(xué)創(chuàng)作，一生中共寫(xiě)了168篇童話(huà)故事。